Dhammapada verse #173
若作惡業已，覆之以善者。彼照耀此世，如月出雲翳。
Who by wholesome kamma
covers up the evil done
illumines the world
as moon when free from clouds.
☆☆☆
【第173偈的故事】
鴦掘魔羅的本名是阿伊沙卡，出生為婆羅門，他的父親在憍薩羅國波斯匿王的王宮任職。他的父母送他前往怛剎尸羅接受教育，由於他相當聰慧，而且服從老師，因此甚得老師和師母的歡心，其他學生因此忌妒他，就向老師誣告他和師母有染。剛開始的時候，老師不相信他們的話，但經過他們一再的誣告，他終於相信，而決定報復阿伊沙卡，但又害怕殺害阿伊沙卡會受到報應，於是便設計一個比直接殺害無辜的阿伊沙卡更惡毒的計畫：他告訴阿伊沙卡去殺害一千個人，而且每殺一個人，就砍下一根指頭給他 ，做為感謝他教導的學費。阿伊沙卡雖然十分不願意，但為了服從老師，就開始殺人，並且把砍下來的指頭掛在樹上，但這些指頭卻被烏鴉和禿鷹吃掉，所以他就把指頭做成項鍊，以確定數目。
由於他的殺人行為，人們稱呼他為鴦掘魔羅（意思是手指頭項鍊），他也因此成為令人懼怕的人物。國王知道他的暴行之後，下令要逮捕他。他的母親瑪塔妮聽到國王的命令後，就親自下鄉，打算拼了老命也要拯救他。而這時候，他頸上的項鍊已經有九百九十九根手指頭了，只差一根就湊足一千的數目了。
當天清晨，佛陀明白如果不加以阻撓的話，正在尋找最後一個被害者的阿伊沙卡一定會發現他的母親，並且加以殺害。果真如此，他就會受更長久的苦報。出於對他的慈悲，佛陀就出發前去他棲身的森林。
經過很多不眠不休的日子，阿依沙卡非常疲倦、焦慮，整個人幾近崩潰而急於砍下最後一根手指頭。他決定殺害第一個見到的人，就在這時候，他瞥見佛陀，便高高舉起刀子追趕上去，想要加以殺害。但無論如何追趕，佛陀總是在前面。最後，他大聲吼叫：「比丘！停止！停止！」
佛陀回答道：「我已經停止了，是你自己未曾停止。」
阿伊沙卡問道：「比丘！你為什麼說，你已經停止，是我尚未停止？」
佛陀告訴他：「我說我已經停止，因為我已經不再殺害眾生，不再瞋恨眾生，我內心滿懷無限的愛心、耐心和智慧。而你尚未放棄殺害眾生，瞋恨眾生，而且沒有愛心與耐心。因此你才是尚未停止下來的人。」
聽完佛陀這席話，阿伊沙卡心中激起一陣思考：「這些話只有智者才說得出口，這比丘智慧超凡，兼且異常勇敢，他一定是比丘的領導者，他一定就是佛陀！他必定是為了使我重見光明才專程來這裡的。」這麼一想之後，他放下武器，請求佛陀恩許他加入僧伽，佛陀也答應他的請求。
阿伊沙卡的母親在森林裡到處喊他的名字，但遍尋不著，只好回家去。後來，國王和手下在佛陀的精舍找到他，但發現他已經放棄過去的邪惡行為，成為比丘，就決定放他一條生路。阿伊沙卡於是在精舍裡，精進修行。
儘管如此，他內心仍然不得安寧，因為即使單獨禪修的時候，過去的種種作為和那些受害者令人憐憫的哀嚎總是浮現在腦海裡。每當他外出化緣時，人們更因為他過去所做的惡業而向他投擲石頭，或者用棍杖打他，所以每次都是頭破血流，一身瘀青的回祇樹給孤獨園。佛陀告誡他：「鴦掘魔羅！你已經不再作惡了，要有耐心！你現在所受的，都是你今生所作惡業的惡報。如果不是我遇見你，你停止作惡業，你的惡業會令你在地獄中遭受更長久的折磨。」他持續精進修行，後來證得了阿羅漢果。
一天早上，他在到舍衛城化緣的路上聽見痛苦的哭聲。當他發現是一位孕婦正在產前疼痛，卻無法順利生產時，他內心想到：「一切眾生都免不了苦。」他滿懷慈悲心地回去向佛陀敘說孕婦產前痛苦一事，佛陀就教導他誦讀一段經文，這段經文後人稱之為《鴦掘魔羅經》。學會後，他回到原來的地方，坐下來，隔著一片紗幕，開始誦唸佛陀教他的經文：「姊妹！自從我成為阿羅漢以來，我未曾故意殺害任何眾生，願此經文使你一切順利，且預祝你未出世的孩子安好。」這時候，這婦女順利生下孩子且母子均安。這經文至今仍然有效。
鴦掘魔羅喜歡單獨一人在偏僻的地方居處。後來，他安祥的去世了。其他比丘請問佛陀鴦掘魔羅往生何處，佛陀告訴他們：「鴦掘魔羅已經般涅槃了。」他們卻不相信：「殺害這麼多人命的人可能般涅槃嗎？」
佛陀回答他們：「比丘們！鴦掘魔羅因為沒有善友，所以才會作下如此多的惡業。後來，他經由善友的協助和忠告，而堅定、正念現前地修習佛法和修禪。因此，他的惡業被他的善業所粉碎，內心沒有絲毫的污垢煩惱。」
While residing at the Jetavana monastery, the Buddha uttered Verse (173) of this book, with reference to Thera Angulimala.
Angulimala was the son of the Head Priest in the court of King Pasenadi of Kosala. His original name was Ahimsaka. When he was of age, he was sent to Taxila, a renowned university town. Ahimsaka was intelligent and was also obedient to his teacher. So he was liked by the teacher and his wife; as a result, other pupils were jealous of him. So they went to the teacher and falsely reported that Ahimsaka was having an affair with the teacher's wife. At first, the teacher did not believe them, but after being told a number of times he believed them; and so he vowed to have revenge on the boy. To kill the boy would reflect badly on him; so he thought of a plan which was worse than murder. He told Ahimsaka to kill one thousand men or women and in return he promised to give the boy priceless knowledge. The boy wanted to have this knowledge, but was very reluctant to take life. However, he agreed to do as he was told.
Thus, he kept on killing people, and not to lose count, he threaded a finger each of everyone he killed and wore them like a garland round his neck. In this way, he was known as Angulimala, and became the terror of the countryside. The king himself heard about the exploits of Angulimala, and he made preparations to capture him. When Mantani, the mother of Angulimala, heard about the king's intention, out of love for her son, she went into the forest in a desperate bid to save her son. By this time, the chain round the neck of Angulimala had nine hundred and ninety-nine fingers in it, just one finger short of one thousand.
Early in the morning on that day, the Buddha saw Angulimala in his vision, and reflected that if he did not intervene, Angulimala who was on the look out for the last person to make up the one thousand would see his mother and might kill her. In that case, Angulimala would have to suffer in niraya endlessly. So out of compassion, the Buddha left for the forest where Angulimala was.
Angulimala, after many sleepless days and nights, was very tired and near exhaustion. At the same time, he was very anxious to kill the last person to make up his full quota of one thousand and so complete his task. He made up his mind to kill the first person he met. Suddenly, as he looked out he saw the Buddha and ran after him with his knife raised. But the Buddha could not be reached while he himself was completely exhausted. Then, looking at the Buddha, he cried out, "O bhikkhu, stop! stop!" and the Buddha replied, "I have stopped, only you have not stopped." Angulimala did not get the significance of the words of the Buddha, so he asked, "O Bhikkhu! Why do you say that you have stopped and I have not stopped?"
The Buddha then said to him, "I say that I have stopped, because I have given up killing all beings, I have given up ill-treating all beings, and because I have established myself in universal love, patience, and knowledge through reflection. But, you have not given up killing or ill-treating others and you are not yet established in universal love and patience. Hence, you are the one who has not stopped." On hearing these words from the mouth of the Buddha, Angulimala reflected, "These are the words of a wise man. This bhikkhu is so very wise and so very brave ; he must be the ruler of the bhikkhus. Indeed, he must be the Buddha himself! He must have come here specially to make me see the light." So thinking, he threw away his weapon and asked the Buddha to admit him to the Order of the bhikkhus. Then and there, the Buddha made him a bhikkhu.
Angulimala's mother looked for her son everywhere in the forest shouting out his name, but failing to find him she returned home. When the king and his men came to capture Angulimala, they found him at the monastery of the Buddha. Finding that Angulimala had given up his evil ways and had become a bhikkhu, the king and his men went home. During his stay at the monastery, Angulimala ardently and diligently practised meditation, and within a short time he attained arahatship.
Then, one day, while he was on an alms-round, he came to a place where some people were quarrelling among themselves. As they were throwing stones at one another, some stray stones hit Thera Angulimala on the head and he was seriously injured. Yet, he managed to come back to the Buddha, and the Buddha said to him, "My son Angulimala! You have done away with evil. Have patience. You are paying in this existence for the deeds you have done. These deeds would have made you suffer for innumerable years in niraya." Soon afterwards, Angulimala passed away peacefully; he had realized parinibbana.
Other bhikkhus asked the Buddha where Angulimala was reborn, and when the Buddha replied "My son has realized parinibbana", they could hardly believe it. So they asked him whether it was possible that a man who had killed so many people could have realized parinibbana. To this question, the Buddha replied, "Bhikkhus! Angulimala had done much evil because he did not have good friends. But later, he found good friends and through their help and good advice he had been steadfast and mindful in his practice of the dhamma. Therefore, his evil deeds have been overwhelmed by good (i e., Arahatta Magga)."
由於他的殺人行為，人們稱呼他為鴦掘魔羅（意思是手指頭項鍊），他也因此成為令人懼怕的人物。國王知道他的暴行之後，下令要逮捕他。他的母親瑪塔妮聽到國王的命令後，就親自下鄉，打算拼了老命也要拯救他。而這時候，他頸上的項鍊已經有九百九十九根手指頭了，只差一根就湊足一千的數目了。
當天清晨，佛陀明白如果不加以阻撓的話，正在尋找最後一個被害者的阿伊沙卡一定會發現他的母親，並且加以殺害。果真如此，他就會受更長久的苦報。出於對他的慈悲，佛陀就出發前去他棲身的森林。
經過很多不眠不休的日子，阿依沙卡非常疲倦、焦慮，整個人幾近崩潰而急於砍下最後一根手指頭。他決定殺害第一個見到的人，就在這時候，他瞥見佛陀，便高高舉起刀子追趕上去，想要加以殺害。但無論如何追趕，佛陀總是在前面。最後，他大聲吼叫：「比丘！停止！停止！」
佛陀回答道：「我已經停止了，是你自己未曾停止。」
阿伊沙卡問道：「比丘！你為什麼說，你已經停止，是我尚未停止？」
佛陀告訴他：「我說我已經停止，因為我已經不再殺害眾生，不再瞋恨眾生，我內心滿懷無限的愛心、耐心和智慧。而你尚未放棄殺害眾生，瞋恨眾生，而且沒有愛心與耐心。因此你才是尚未停止下來的人。」
聽完佛陀這席話，阿伊沙卡心中激起一陣思考：「這些話只有智者才說得出口，這比丘智慧超凡，兼且異常勇敢，他一定是比丘的領導者，他一定就是佛陀！他必定是為了使我重見光明才專程來這裡的。」這麼一想之後，他放下武器，請求佛陀恩許他加入僧伽，佛陀也答應他的請求。
阿伊沙卡的母親在森林裡到處喊他的名字，但遍尋不著，只好回家去。後來，國王和手下在佛陀的精舍找到他，但發現他已經放棄過去的邪惡行為，成為比丘，就決定放他一條生路。阿伊沙卡於是在精舍裡，精進修行。
儘管如此，他內心仍然不得安寧，因為即使單獨禪修的時候，過去的種種作為和那些受害者令人憐憫的哀嚎總是浮現在腦海裡。每當他外出化緣時，人們更因為他過去所做的惡業而向他投擲石頭，或者用棍杖打他，所以每次都是頭破血流，一身瘀青的回祇樹給孤獨園。佛陀告誡他：「鴦掘魔羅！你已經不再作惡了，要有耐心！你現在所受的，都是你今生所作惡業的惡報。如果不是我遇見你，你停止作惡業，你的惡業會令你在地獄中遭受更長久的折磨。」他持續精進修行，後來證得了阿羅漢果。
一天早上，他在到舍衛城化緣的路上聽見痛苦的哭聲。當他發現是一位孕婦正在產前疼痛，卻無法順利生產時，他內心想到：「一切眾生都免不了苦。」他滿懷慈悲心地回去向佛陀敘說孕婦產前痛苦一事，佛陀就教導他誦讀一段經文，這段經文後人稱之為《鴦掘魔羅經》。學會後，他回到原來的地方，坐下來，隔著一片紗幕，開始誦唸佛陀教他的經文：「姊妹！自從我成為阿羅漢以來，我未曾故意殺害任何眾生，願此經文使你一切順利，且預祝你未出世的孩子安好。」這時候，這婦女順利生下孩子且母子均安。這經文至今仍然有效。
鴦掘魔羅喜歡單獨一人在偏僻的地方居處。後來，他安祥的去世了。其他比丘請問佛陀鴦掘魔羅往生何處，佛陀告訴他們：「鴦掘魔羅已經般涅槃了。」他們卻不相信：「殺害這麼多人命的人可能般涅槃嗎？」
佛陀回答他們：「比丘們！鴦掘魔羅因為沒有善友，所以才會作下如此多的惡業。後來，他經由善友的協助和忠告，而堅定、正念現前地修習佛法和修禪。因此，他的惡業被他的善業所粉碎，內心沒有絲毫的污垢煩惱。」
While residing at the Jetavana monastery, the Buddha uttered Verse (173) of this book, with reference to Thera Angulimala.
Angulimala was the son of the Head Priest in the court of King Pasenadi of Kosala. His original name was Ahimsaka. When he was of age, he was sent to Taxila, a renowned university town. Ahimsaka was intelligent and was also obedient to his teacher. So he was liked by the teacher and his wife; as a result, other pupils were jealous of him. So they went to the teacher and falsely reported that Ahimsaka was having an affair with the teacher's wife. At first, the teacher did not believe them, but after being told a number of times he believed them; and so he vowed to have revenge on the boy. To kill the boy would reflect badly on him; so he thought of a plan which was worse than murder. He told Ahimsaka to kill one thousand men or women and in return he promised to give the boy priceless knowledge. The boy wanted to have this knowledge, but was very reluctant to take life. However, he agreed to do as he was told.
Thus, he kept on killing people, and not to lose count, he threaded a finger each of everyone he killed and wore them like a garland round his neck. In this way, he was known as Angulimala, and became the terror of the countryside. The king himself heard about the exploits of Angulimala, and he made preparations to capture him. When Mantani, the mother of Angulimala, heard about the king's intention, out of love for her son, she went into the forest in a desperate bid to save her son. By this time, the chain round the neck of Angulimala had nine hundred and ninety-nine fingers in it, just one finger short of one thousand.
Early in the morning on that day, the Buddha saw Angulimala in his vision, and reflected that if he did not intervene, Angulimala who was on the look out for the last person to make up the one thousand would see his mother and might kill her. In that case, Angulimala would have to suffer in niraya endlessly. So out of compassion, the Buddha left for the forest where Angulimala was.
Angulimala, after many sleepless days and nights, was very tired and near exhaustion. At the same time, he was very anxious to kill the last person to make up his full quota of one thousand and so complete his task. He made up his mind to kill the first person he met. Suddenly, as he looked out he saw the Buddha and ran after him with his knife raised. But the Buddha could not be reached while he himself was completely exhausted. Then, looking at the Buddha, he cried out, "O bhikkhu, stop! stop!" and the Buddha replied, "I have stopped, only you have not stopped." Angulimala did not get the significance of the words of the Buddha, so he asked, "O Bhikkhu! Why do you say that you have stopped and I have not stopped?"
The Buddha then said to him, "I say that I have stopped, because I have given up killing all beings, I have given up ill-treating all beings, and because I have established myself in universal love, patience, and knowledge through reflection. But, you have not given up killing or ill-treating others and you are not yet established in universal love and patience. Hence, you are the one who has not stopped." On hearing these words from the mouth of the Buddha, Angulimala reflected, "These are the words of a wise man. This bhikkhu is so very wise and so very brave ; he must be the ruler of the bhikkhus. Indeed, he must be the Buddha himself! He must have come here specially to make me see the light." So thinking, he threw away his weapon and asked the Buddha to admit him to the Order of the bhikkhus. Then and there, the Buddha made him a bhikkhu.
Angulimala's mother looked for her son everywhere in the forest shouting out his name, but failing to find him she returned home. When the king and his men came to capture Angulimala, they found him at the monastery of the Buddha. Finding that Angulimala had given up his evil ways and had become a bhikkhu, the king and his men went home. During his stay at the monastery, Angulimala ardently and diligently practised meditation, and within a short time he attained arahatship.
Then, one day, while he was on an alms-round, he came to a place where some people were quarrelling among themselves. As they were throwing stones at one another, some stray stones hit Thera Angulimala on the head and he was seriously injured. Yet, he managed to come back to the Buddha, and the Buddha said to him, "My son Angulimala! You have done away with evil. Have patience. You are paying in this existence for the deeds you have done. These deeds would have made you suffer for innumerable years in niraya." Soon afterwards, Angulimala passed away peacefully; he had realized parinibbana.
Other bhikkhus asked the Buddha where Angulimala was reborn, and when the Buddha replied "My son has realized parinibbana", they could hardly believe it. So they asked him whether it was possible that a man who had killed so many people could have realized parinibbana. To this question, the Buddha replied, "Bhikkhus! Angulimala had done much evil because he did not have good friends. But later, he found good friends and through their help and good advice he had been steadfast and mindful in his practice of the dhamma. Therefore, his evil deeds have been overwhelmed by good (i e., Arahatta Magga)."
☆☆☆
"The Dhammapada: Verses and Stories" Translated by Daw Mya Tin, M.A.
中文法句出處：《南傳法句經》 了參法師譯
中文故事出處：《法句經故事集》 達摩難陀長老著 周金言譯
